Good planning and control of advertising depend critically on measures of advertising effectiveness. Most advertisers try to measure the communication effect of an ad, that…

Public relations is define as a variety of programmed designed to improve, maintain or protect a company or product image. PR department perform the following…

Sales promotion consists of a diverse collection of incentive tools, mostly short term, designed to stimulate quicker and/or greater purchase of particular product services by…

Publication:- These include annual reports, brochures, company newsletter and magazines. Events:– Companies can draw attention to new products by arranging special events. These include news…

Sales promotions tools vary in their specific objectives, A free sample stimulate consumer trial, while a free management-advisory service cements a long-term relationship with a…

Samples: Samples are offers of a free amount or a trial of a product for consumers. The sample might be delivered doors-to-door, sent by mail…

Trade Promotion can persuade the Retailer or wholesalers to carry the brand. Trade Promotion can persuade retailers/wholesalers to carry more goods than the normal amount….

Price Off: A price off (also called off – invoice or off – list) is a straight discount off the list price on each carton/case…

A Global Form is one that, in operating in more than one country, captures R&D, production, logistical, marketing and financial advantages in its costs and…

Five steps are involved in estimating the probable rate of return on investment and thus determining which foreign market to enter: – Estimate of current…