Test-Retest Reliability Test-retest reliability estimates are obtained by repeating the measurement using the same instrument under as nearly equivalent conditions as possible. The results of…

Content Validity Content validity estimates are essentially systematic, but subjective, evaluations of the appropriateness of the measuring instrument for the task at hand. The term…

It is necessary to understand what the term scientific means. Scientific research is focused on the goal of problem solving and pursues a step-by step…

Answers to issues can be found either by the process of deduction or the process of induction, or by a combination of the two. Deduction…

A descriptive study is undertaken in order to ascertain and be able to describe the characteristics of the percentage of members who are in their…

An explanatory study is undertaken when not much is known about the situation at hand, or when no information is available on how similar problems…

A nominal scale is one that allows the researcher to assign subjects to certain categories or groups. For example, with respect to the variable of…

If there is any measurement of the value of research, it is usually an after-the-fact event. Twedt reported on one such effort, an evaluation of…

Studies that engage in hypotheses testing usually explain the nature of certain relationships, or establish the differences among groups or the independence of two or…

An interval scale allows us to perform certain arithmetical operations on the data collected from the respondents. Whereas the nominal scale allows us only to…