When you communicate, you have a particular purpose in mind: You want to show that you are a friendly person. You want to give them…

The message of course is what communication is all about. Whatever is communicated is the message. Denis McQuail (1975) in his book Communication writes that…

You tap on a membrane suspended above a steadily flowing jet of water. The air under the membrane causes slight deflections in the jet of…

Shannon is generally considered to have been primarily concerned with physical (or ‘mechanical’ or ‘engineering’) noise in the channel, i.e. unexplained variation in a communication…

Semantic noise is not as easy to deal with as physical noise. It might not be an exaggeration to say that the very essence of…

Just as a source needs an encoder to translate her purposes into a message, so the receiver needs a decoder to re translate. If you…

For communication to occur, there must be somebody at the other end of the channel. This person or persons can be called the receiver. To…

Feedback is a vital part of communication. When we are talking to someone over the phone, if they don’t give us the occasional ‘mmmm’, ‘aaah’,…