Seven elements of the communication process
The seven elements of the communication process are:(1) the communication source,(2) the message,(3) encoding,(4) the channel,(5) decoding,(6) the receiver, and(7) feedback. Before communication can take…
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The two best-known types of nonverbal communication
1.Body language — refers to gestures, facial expressions, and other body movements that convey meaning. A person frowning “says” something different from one who’s smiling….
Six barriers to effective communication that managers face
1. Filtering: The deliberate manipulation of information to make it appear more favorable to the receiver. For example, when a person tells his or her…
Three common communication networks, or patterns of communication, that emerge in organizations
Chain Network—communication flows according to the formal chain of command, both downward and upward. If accuracy is important, the chain network works well. Wheel Network—communication…
Community of practice
Communities of practice are groups of people who share a concern, a set of problems, or a passion about a topic, and who deepen their…
Briefly explain the two types of informal communication known as the grapevine and rumour
The Grapevine Three main characteristics of a grapevine: First, it is not controlled by management. Second, it is perceived by most employees as being more…
Centralization vs decentralization
Centralization Where all office procedures are done at one central point within the organization Central office functionsManager is responsible for1. Planning of clerical activities2. General…
Risk analysis and Contingency plans
Risk Analysis Building control into a system will involve the organisation in costs and overheads. Additional staffing may be required to implement or supervise the…
Consumer Choice Theory
When consumers demand too much this tells producers what goods and services to produce and how much. Price is a signal to producer and consumers….
Tax Systems
Professor John Palmer states that when we developed the Law of Diminishing marginal returns, we simplified our analysis by concentrating on just two inputs…