HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE U.S. CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM

  1. The Era of “Gentlemen,” 1789 – 1827

    • Limited to the “gentry”

    • Nepotism

    • Patronage

  2. The “Spoils Era,” 1827 – 1883

    • Andrew Jackson and populist politics

    • Full blown patronage

    • Strong executive leadership

    • The Pendleton Act of 1883

  3. The New Civil Service System, 1883-1978

    • Corruption incompatible with government efficiency

    • Separation of politics and administration in keeping with Frederick Taylor’s theories of scientific management

    • Expansion of the merit system

    • American Society for Public Administration founded in 1939

    • Federal Service Entrance Exam established in 1955

  4. The Reformed Civil Service System, 1978 – Present

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