The process of communication, the sender is the originator and the conversion of his ideas into the message is encoding.

A diagrammatic representation of the communication process.

If you have looked through the examples of typical everyday forms of communication, you will have noticed that some of the examples refer to less…

The Shannon-Weaver Model (1947) proposes that all communication must include 6 elements: Source Encoder Message Channel Decoder Receiver These six elements are shown graphically in…

All human communication has some source (information source in Shannon’s terminology), some person or group of persons with a given purpose, a reason for engaging…

When you communicate, you have a particular purpose in mind: You want to show that you are a friendly person. You want to give them…

The message of course is what communication is all about. Whatever is communicated is the message. Denis McQuail (1975) in his book Communication writes that…

You tap on a membrane suspended above a steadily flowing jet of water. The air under the membrane causes slight deflections in the jet of…

Shannon is generally considered to have been primarily concerned with physical (or ‘mechanical’ or ‘engineering’) noise in the channel, i.e. unexplained variation in a communication…

Semantic noise is not as easy to deal with as physical noise. It might not be an exaggeration to say that the very essence of…